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10. netty系列之:channelPipeline

简介

我们在介绍channel的时候提到过,几乎channel中所有的实现都是通过channelPipeline进行的,作为一个pipline,它到底是如何工作的呢?

一起来看看吧。

ChannelPipeline

ChannelPipeline是一个interface,它继承了三个接口,分别是ChannelInboundInvoker,ChannelOutboundInvoker和Iterable:

public interface ChannelPipeline
extends ChannelInboundInvoker, ChannelOutboundInvoker, Iterable<Entry<String, ChannelHandler>>

继承自ChannelInboundInvoker,表示ChannelPipeline可以触发channel inboud的一些事件,比如:

ChannelInboundInvoker fireChannelRegistered();
ChannelInboundInvoker fireChannelUnregistered();
ChannelInboundInvoker fireChannelActive();
ChannelInboundInvoker fireChannelInactive();
ChannelInboundInvoker fireExceptionCaught(Throwable cause);
ChannelInboundInvoker fireUserEventTriggered(Object event);
ChannelInboundInvoker fireChannelRead(Object msg);
ChannelInboundInvoker fireChannelReadComplete();
ChannelInboundInvoker fireChannelWritabilityChanged();

继承自ChannelOutboundInvoker,表示ChannelPipeline可以进行一些channel的主动操作,如:bind,connect,disconnect,close,deregister,read,write,flush等操作。

继承自Iterable,表示ChannelPipeline是可遍历的,为什么ChannelPipeline是可遍历的呢?

因为ChannelPipeline中可以添加一个或者多个ChannelHandler,ChannelPipeline可以看做是一个ChannelHandler的集合。

比如ChannelPipeline提供了一系列的添加ChannelHandler的方法:

ChannelPipeline addFirst(String name, ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelPipeline addFirst(EventExecutorGroup group, String name, ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelPipeline addFirst(EventExecutorGroup group, ChannelHandler... handlers);
ChannelPipeline addFirst(ChannelHandler... handlers);

ChannelPipeline addLast(String name, ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelPipeline addLast(EventExecutorGroup group, String name, ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelPipeline addLast(ChannelHandler... handlers);
ChannelPipeline addLast(EventExecutorGroup group, ChannelHandler... handlers);

ChannelPipeline addBefore(String baseName, String name, ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelPipeline addBefore(EventExecutorGroup group, String baseName, String name, ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelPipeline addAfter(String baseName, String name, ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelPipeline addAfter(EventExecutorGroup group, String baseName, String name, ChannelHandler handler);

可以从前面添加,也可以从后面添加,或者从特定的位置添加handler。

另外还可以从pipeline中删除特定的channelHandler,或者移出和替换特定位置的handler:

ChannelPipeline remove(ChannelHandler handler);
ChannelHandler remove(String name);
ChannelHandler removeFirst();
ChannelHandler removeLast();
ChannelPipeline replace(ChannelHandler oldHandler, String newName, ChannelHandler newHandler);
ChannelHandler replace(String oldName, String newName, ChannelHandler newHandler);

当然,更少不了对应的查询操作:

ChannelHandler first();
ChannelHandler last();
ChannelHandler get(String name);
List<String> names();

还可以根据传入的ChannelHandler获得handler对应的ChannelHandlerContext。

ChannelHandlerContext context(ChannelHandler handler);

ChannelPipeline中还有一些触发channel相关的事件,如:

    ChannelPipeline fireChannelRegistered();
ChannelPipeline fireChannelUnregistered();
ChannelPipeline fireChannelActive();
ChannelPipeline fireChannelInactive();
ChannelPipeline fireExceptionCaught(Throwable cause);
ChannelPipeline fireUserEventTriggered(Object event);
ChannelPipeline fireChannelRead(Object msg);
ChannelPipeline fireChannelReadComplete();
ChannelPipeline fireChannelWritabilityChanged();

事件传递

那么有些朋友可能会问了,既然ChannelPipeline中包含了很多个handler,那么handler中的事件是怎么传递的呢?

其实这些事件是通过调用ChannelHandlerContext中的相应方法来触发的。

对于Inbound事件来说,可以调用下面的方法,进行事件的传递:

ChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRegistered()
ChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelActive()
ChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(Object)
ChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelReadComplete()
ChannelHandlerContext.fireExceptionCaught(Throwable)
ChannelHandlerContext.fireUserEventTriggered(Object)
ChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelWritabilityChanged()
ChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelInactive()
ChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelUnregistered()

对于Outbound事件来说,可以调用下面的方法,进行事件的传递:

ChannelHandlerContext.bind(SocketAddress, ChannelPromise)
ChannelHandlerContext.connect(SocketAddress, SocketAddress, ChannelPromise)
ChannelHandlerContext.write(Object, ChannelPromise)
ChannelHandlerContext.flush()
ChannelHandlerContext.read()
ChannelHandlerContext.disconnect(ChannelPromise)
ChannelHandlerContext.close(ChannelPromise)
ChannelHandlerContext.deregister(ChannelPromise)

具体而言,就是在handler中调用ChannelHandlerContext中对应的方法:

   public class MyInboundHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) {
System.out.println("Connected!");
ctx.fireChannelActive();
}
}

public class MyOutboundHandler extends ChannelOutboundHandlerAdapter {
@Override
public void close(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, ChannelPromise promise) {
System.out.println("Closing ..");
ctx.close(promise);
}
}

DefaultChannelPipeline

ChannelPipeline有一个官方的实现叫做DefaultChannelPipeline,因为对于pipeline来说,主要的功能就是进行handler的管理和事件传递,相对于而言功能比较简单,但是他也有一些特别的实现地方,比如它有两个AbstractChannelHandlerContext类型的head和tail。

我们知道ChannelPipeline实际上是很多handler的集合,那么这些集合是怎么进行存储的呢?这种存储的数据结构就是AbstractChannelHandlerContext。每个AbstractChannelHandlerContext中都有一个next节点和一个prev节点,用来组成一个双向链表。

同样的在DefaultChannelPipeline中使用head和tail来将封装好的handler存储起来。

注意,这里的head和tail虽然都是AbstractChannelHandlerContext,但是两者有稍许不同。先看下head和tail的定义:

    protected DefaultChannelPipeline(Channel channel) {
this.channel = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(channel, "channel");
succeededFuture = new SucceededChannelFuture(channel, null);
voidPromise = new VoidChannelPromise(channel, true);

tail = new TailContext(this);
head = new HeadContext(this);

head.next = tail;
tail.prev = head;
}

在DefaultChannelPipeline的构造函数中,对tail和head进行初始化,其中tail是TailContext,而head是HeadContext。

其中TailContext实现了ChannelInboundHandler接口:

final class TailContext extends AbstractChannelHandlerContext implements ChannelInboundHandler

而HeadContext实现了ChannelOutboundHandler和ChannelInboundHandler接口:

final class HeadContext extends AbstractChannelHandlerContext
implements ChannelOutboundHandler, ChannelInboundHandler

下面我们以addFirst方法为例,来看一下handler是怎么被加入pipline的:

    public final ChannelPipeline addFirst(EventExecutorGroup group, String name, ChannelHandler handler) {
final AbstractChannelHandlerContext newCtx;
synchronized (this) {
checkMultiplicity(handler);
name = filterName(name, handler);

newCtx = newContext(group, name, handler);

addFirst0(newCtx);

// If the registered is false it means that the channel was not registered on an eventLoop yet.
// In this case we add the context to the pipeline and add a task that will call
// ChannelHandler.handlerAdded(...) once the channel is registered.
if (!registered) {
newCtx.setAddPending();
callHandlerCallbackLater(newCtx, true);
return this;
}

EventExecutor executor = newCtx.executor();
if (!executor.inEventLoop()) {
callHandlerAddedInEventLoop(newCtx, executor);
return this;
}
}
callHandlerAdded0(newCtx);
return this;
}

它的工作逻辑是首先根据传入的handler构建一个新的context,然后调用addFirst0方法,将context加入AbstractChannelHandlerContext组成的双向链表中:

    private void addFirst0(AbstractChannelHandlerContext newCtx) {
AbstractChannelHandlerContext nextCtx = head.next;
newCtx.prev = head;
newCtx.next = nextCtx;
head.next = newCtx;
nextCtx.prev = newCtx;
}

然后调用callHandlerAdded0方法来触发context的handlerAdded方法。

总结

channelPipeline负责管理channel的各种handler,在DefaultChannelPipeline中使用了AbstractChannelHandlerContext的head和tail来对多个handler进行存储,同时借用这个链式结构对handler进行各种管理,非常方便。


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